Neural Control and Coordination

â€Å"NEURAL CONTROL AND CO-ORDINATION† Co-ordination – It is the process through which two or more organs interact and complement the functions of each other. Neuron – It is the functional and structural unit of nervous system. Therefore, the nervous system is also known as NEURAL SYSTEM. Neurons with longer projections are said to be the longest cells in our body. There are about 100 billion neurons and most of them exist in the brain. Some neurons have flask-shaped and are called Purkinje cells. They are found in the cerebellum of brain. Shortly after birth neurons do not develop.A neuron has two main parts viz. a) Cell body or Cyton or Soma – It may be up to 13. 5  µm in diameter and may be irregular, oval, rounded, etc. Neuroplasm and neurolemma are its cytoplasm and cell membrane. A cyton consists of cell organelles like other cells. Besides, it also has neurofibrils, neurotubules and Nissls granules or bodies. Neurofibrils take part in transmissio n of impulse Nissls granules or bodies are irregular masses of rough endoplasmic reticulum on which free ribosomes and polysomes are attached. Nissls granules probably synthesize protein for the cell. ) Cytoplasmic processes or neuritis – They are of two types. 1. Dendrites or dendrons – They contain neurofibrils, neutubules and Nissls granules. They conduct nerve impulse towards the cell body and are called afferent processes (receiving processes). They may be one to several. 2. Axon or Axis – It is a single long process of uniform thickness. The part of cyton from where the axon arises is called Axon hillock and is the most sensitive part of a neuron. An axon does not have Nissls granules, golgi complex, ribosome, etc. So cyton supplies protein to axon.Its cell membrane and cytoplasm are known as axolemma and axoplasm respectively. Axon ends in a group of branches called terminal arborizations (axon terminals or telodendria). They have synaptic knob to form sy napse where axon and dendrite of two successive neurons can meet. Motor end plate – The part of sarcolemma that lies beneath the axon terminals (nerve endings). Axon conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body hence called efferent processes. TYPES OF AXON There are two types such as myelinated (medullary) and non-myelinated (non-medullary) In myelinated neurons, the axon is surrounded by myelin sheaths.Myelin sheaths have regular interruptions called node of Ranvier. The space between two successive node of Ranvier is called internodes. Around the myelin sheaths, there is a delicate sheath made up of nucleated cells called Schwann cells. VARIOUS PARTS OF NEURAL SYSTEM It can be divided as Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS). Central Nervous System; The CNS comprises brain and spinal cord. BRAIN: It is the anterior most part of the CNS. It lies inside the cranial cavity of the skull. It weighs from 1220 to 1400gms. It has membranes called meni nges (sing. eninx), they are 1) Piamater – It is thin and innermost membrane Sub arachnoid space lies between piamater and arachnoid membrane. Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) is found in this space . It provides medium for exchange of food materials, wastes, respiratory gases, etc. 2) Arachnoid mater – It is thin and spider webby. It is the middle membrane. Subdural space lies between arachnoid mater and dura mater. 3) Duramater – It is the outermost fibrous membrane. **Fontanales – Membranous areas between the cranial bones of foetal skull. Structure of human brain: It has three parts viz. ) Forebrain or Prosencephalon – It includes olfactory lobe, cerebrum and diencephalon Olfactory lobe – It lies in the temporal lobe. * Function – It receives impulses from the nose. Cerebrum – It is the largest and most complicated part of the brain . Its outer portion is called the outer cortex and it forms the GREY MATTER. Beneath the grey matt er, there are millions of medullated (myelinated) nerve fibres. They form white matter. * Function -It creates ideas, touch, perception, reasoning, decision making. * Diencephalon – Hypothalamus is located here. Hypothalamus maintains homeostasis.It is also called therefore called THERMOREGULATORY CENTRE OR THERMOSTAT. It keeps body temperature at roughly 37 °C. 2) Mid-brain or Mesencephalon – It comprises cerebellum, pons varolii and medulla oblongata. Cerebellum – It is the second largest part of brain and it has purkinje cells. * Function – It controls rapid muscular activities like running, talking and typing. Pons varolii – It is located above the medulla oblongata. Pneumotaxic centre is present here. **Pneumotaxic centre limits inspiration. Medulla oblongata – It continues with spinal cord. * Function – It regulates heart rate, blood pressure, etc.

Gatsby essays

Gatsby essays Why did Daisy choose Tom in the end In the novel "The Great Gatsby", Daisy Buchanan was faced with an enormous decision. She had to choose between Tom; her husband and Jay Gatsby; her lover. Gatsby seemed to be the ideal man of his time. Fabulously wealthy, handsome, charismatic and intriguing, he seemed to be able to offer everything a woman could want. All he wanted in return was Daisys complete unconditional love. Tom, on the other hand could offer Daisy money, security and freedom. Ultimately Daisy chose the latter. The roaring 20s was an era of total decadence. The first World War had ended and industry was booming. People were becoming millionaires overnight. There seemed to be no end in sight to the prosperity. Although people were becoming rich quickly, old money provided more privilege than new money. Tom Buchanan came from old money. He was a Westerner who was renowned in college for both his football skills and his supremely decadent lifestyle. The narrator states "His fa mily were enormously wealthy, even in college his freedom with money was a matter for reproach-but now hed left Chicago and come East in a fashion that rather took your breath away: for instance, he brought down a string of polo ponies from Lake Forest." Daisy chose to marry Tom because of his wealth and power. Fitzgerald writes "There was a wholesome bulkiness about his person and his position and Daisy was flattered." He could offer Daisy prestige in addition to all the old money one could dream of. Gatsby had made his money by illegal means. He was a nobody from nowhere and although he was rich beyond belief, he was one of the hundreds of nouveau riche who lacked the cache of the old money set. Although Gatsby could offer Daisy romance, love, excitement and intrigue, her need for security freedom and money made her eventually choose Tom. In terms of security, Tom could offer much more than Gatsby. Toms old money could offer Dai...

Free Essays on Emily Dickinson, Poem 328

but also with the meter. The iambic triameter is a very choppy, short phrased meter which accents the rhythmic walk of the Robin. A Robin hops with a very short and consistent step, much like that of the meter Dickinson uses. The line â€Å"He bit an Angleworm in halves† (328/3) uses a visual cue to describe the method by which the Robin eats worms. Dickinson allows the reader to minimize oneself and enter fully into the natural world. By writing â€Å"And he ate the fellow raw/ And then he drank a Dew/ from a convenient Grass† (328/4-6), Dickinson brings the reader into the smaller world of the birds. The word â€Å"convenient† when talking about the grass means that the intention was to illustrate how opportune the dew on grass is to birds, because they are so small. Sometimes nature acts as if governed by a code of conduct: â€Å"And then hopped sidewise to the Wall/ To let a Beetle pass- † (328/7-8). The Robin yielded to what is often times a source of its life. Beetles are part of the Robin’s diet, but since it had already had its fill of worm, the Robin and beetle had no conflict between each other. Instead of equality, nature strives for balance. Animals eat their fill, drink their thirst, and live in their space. No two animals have the same conditions, but each interacts with perfect harmony in the system. The system is what becomes important, and Dickinson captures this balance w... Free Essays on Emily Dickinson, Poem 328 Free Essays on Emily Dickinson, Poem 328 Analysis of Dickinson’s Poem #328 Few poets capture the beauty and essence of nature and sports. As a Robin gracefully flies through the sky, so, too, does Emily Dickinson write her verse. In poem 328, â€Å"A Bird came down the walk,† Emily Dickinson magically connects the innocence of a Robin and the grace of a rower. Crew, although wholly elegant itself, becomes but a fraction of the beauty Dickinson writes of the Robin in flight. The initial encounter with the Robin in the first stanza not only describes the bird with words but also with the meter. The iambic triameter is a very choppy, short phrased meter which accents the rhythmic walk of the Robin. A Robin hops with a very short and consistent step, much like that of the meter Dickinson uses. The line â€Å"He bit an Angleworm in halves† (328/3) uses a visual cue to describe the method by which the Robin eats worms. Dickinson allows the reader to minimize oneself and enter fully into the natural world. By writing â€Å"And he ate the fellow raw/ And then he drank a Dew/ from a convenient Grass† (328/4-6), Dickinson brings the reader into the smaller world of the birds. The word â€Å"convenient† when talking about the grass means that the intention was to illustrate how opportune the dew on grass is to birds, because they are so small. Sometimes nature acts as if governed by a code of conduct: â€Å"And then hopped sidewise to the Wall/ To let a Beetle pass- † (328/7-8). The Robin yielded to what is often times a source of its life. Beetles are part of the Robin’s diet, but since it had already had its fill of worm, the Robin and beetle had no conflict between each other. Instead of equality, nature strives for balance. Animals eat their fill, drink their thirst, and live in their space. No two animals have the same conditions, but each interacts with perfect harmony in the system. The system is what becomes important, and Dickinson captures this balance w...

Writing Routine How to Develop a Foolproof Writing Habit to Write Faster

Writing Routine How to Develop a Foolproof Writing Habit to Write Faster Writing Routine: How to Develop a Foolproof Writing Habit to Write Faster Writing routines arent easy to come byin fact, its one of the hardest parts of writing a book.Thats right. Its not coming up with a great book idea, its not forming the right words to bring that idea to lifeIts finishing the damn book.And that means forming a writing habit that will help you get it done despite your busy life and schedule. Thats why weve enlisted the help from Julie-Anne England, an author and busy mom of 4.For many years I dreamed of being an author. I love to write and there was something about the sound of â€Å"author† that made me desperately want to call myself that.I pictured my brand new life; holding my very own book in my hand, getting emails from people about how my book changed their life and my world opening up as a professional once I saw my name in print.Well, all this came true and more after I published my first book.This is how a writing habit through developing a writing routine helps you finish your book:Learn from those whove done it befor eCreate a time logPrioritize your time for a writing habitDecide your daily writing timePut your writing routine time in your plannerFind accountabilityStart your writing habit!NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereCreating a Writing Habit is SimpleI’m here to tell you that it all comes down to creating a habit to make the time to actually write. You can daydream about your name in lights, write pages of goals and tasks and even design your perfect book cover but until you actually write†¦. you have nothing.If I can form a writing routine while also managing all of this..being the wife of a very busy (and very gorgeous) American man who works long hours, including weekends and evenings,mom of three children under the age of 8 who are with me. All.The.Time. (Yes I say that fondly mostly)homeschooling my childrenrunning 2, soon to be 3 blogs training for a marathonbringing my kids to swimming lessonsrunning bible study once a monthall the fun stuff that comes with running a home- cooking, cleaning, shopping so can you. Trust me, I understand busy!I say all this to say, it isn’t an excuse for never becoming an author. It all depends on how badly you want it.And I bet you want it, right? How much? The truth is, it isn’t as hard as you think.How to Build a Writing Routine and Stick to itHere are my best tips for creating the habit of writing. These tips will have your very first book in your hands in a few months time (if you stick to them).#1 Learn from those whove done it beforeOne thing that revolutionized my thoughts around time management was a book I read called 168 Hours: You have more time than you think by Laura Vanderkam.This book went into depth about how much time we actually spend doing daily tasks such as working, sleeping and watching TV by analyzing people’s day using a time log.One ke y takeaway is that people often underestimated how much they slept by a few hours and overestimated how much time they spent working. When it came to writing my very first book, I realized that I needed to be very intentional with my time and how I was using it.#2 Create a time logAfter reading 168 Hours, I took a hard look at how I could utilize what Id learned from Laura Vanderkam.I followed suit and created a time log of what I was doing for a couple of weeks and I realized something crucial. I really did need a better handle on what I was doing with my time. Maybe you do too.Start by jotting down what you are doing every day for a week in 15 minutes segments. Be honest. No one has to see this except you.Then start looking for areas where you could create more time for creating the life you want, ie. as a writer!We often spend a lot more time than we think on mundane tasks like this:Scrolling through our phone in the morningGetting ready for the day (shower, brushing teeth, etc. )Making/eating mealsWorking through meaningless/non-priority tasksTalking to others in person, on the phone, or onlineWatching TV(or worse) Looking for a show to watchThese are everyday occurrences that youre probably spending far too much time on than you think. Keeping a log will help you pinpoint where you can speed up or cut out unnecessary tasks to make more time for writing.#3 Prioritize your timeTake a look at your life and work out any free time that you could dedicate to writing.Yeah sure, you are really busy, but I bet that you wouldn’t miss much if you cut out that second TV show you watch every night. Or maybe spent a little less time on social media.Your time log will probably make it very clear which areas you could adjust.I honestly struggled to find time in my day to write. Even if there was a point that my kids were playing happily in the playroom, it was never a good writing time because with kids you get interrupted. Constantly.Even with removing time spent on social media and watching less TV, it still didn’t allow for uninterrupted writing time. So I had to be more creative.One great way to cut down on time spend on your phone, at least, is to use an app or software like Freedom.As seen in the example above, this app can help you solidify a writing routine by actually blocking your access to certain apps or websites in order to prevent you from going to them out of a bad habit.#4 Decide on your perfect daily writing timeThis may be as little as half an hour, but it needs to be every day (or at least 6 days a week).This is because creating a writing habit is so important in becoming a writer. Habits are things that almost happen on autopilot and that is exactly what you want. Cultivating a lifestyle and a habit of writing will make the writing go so much smoother than if you write here and there when you can fit it in.Here are a few things to think about when choosing your writing time:Will you be interrupted?Are there too ma ny distractions happening during that time?Can you be in a quiet, secluded space?Will you be in the right mindset to write during that time?I usually had a couple of hours at night once the kids were in bed but I found that I was too tired by this time and my writing wasn’t very good.I had to get super disciplined, so I chose to get up earlier to have uninterrupted time to write before the kids got up.You aren’t a morning person? Yeah, me either but sometimes you have to do the hard things to see the best things come into your life. Right now, its just after 5am and the house is peaceful and quiet. This is now my sacred productivity time.#5 Put your writing time into your daily plannerNo excuses! Use an alarm if you have to and make sure you will not get interrupted. Turn your phone on airplane mode and switch off your email pop-ups.Or use the Freedom app like I mentioned earlier.Then show up. Every time. If you don’t make this a priority, I can guarantee somet hing else will take the spot. And you will find yourself a year down the track still without your bookIf youre someone who works by an online calendar, even better! You can schedule your writing time daily and it will pop up on your computer or phone to help remind you to get some writing done like in this example:#6 Find accountabilityThe novel writing journey can be hard and lonely and there are many times where you may feel like giving up. This is when it is so important to have an accountability person ready to support you.Your accountability buddy will be aware of your goals and will keep you on track to accomplishing your daily and weekly tasks.This is what you can expect from an accountability buddy:They know and understand your goalsThey want to see you succeedThey arent afraid to be real with you and tell you when you need to get it togetherThey will encourage you in ways that work for youThey will meet with you regularly to check-in and help solve problemsChoose someone w ho you know will be supportive in your journey and who will push you when necessary. Even better if you can have someone who has written and even published a book themselves.When I was writing my first book, my accountability buddy was amazing.She checked up on me regularly to find out if I had accomplished what I said I would and encouraged me to keep going. She pushed me when I didn’t feel like sticking to my plan. Don’t skip this step, it is so important! Add it to your to-do-list for today â€Å"Get accountability buddy†!And if youre not sure where to find an accountability partner, Self-Publishing School has a Mastermind Community filled with writers in the very same stage as you in addition to experts to help you along the way, as you can see from the example above.#7 Start writing!When I first started getting up at 5am, I dreaded it. Like I said, I’m not (or actually wasn’t) a morning person.Now I actually get excited about having a couple of hours of time all to myself. This is when I work on my goals and become the person I want to be.Now it’s a habit and in less than 6 months I have written a book, gone through editing and formatting, launched, watched my book take #1 spot on Amazon in the self-help category AND am busy with book number two!Your dream life really isn’t as far away as your think. When you make the decision to take control and you turn up day in and day out, that’s when the miracles will occur.Don’t waste your life with excuses no matter how valid they might be.Being an author is one of the best things I ever did (and I’ve been to Disneyland!). It showed me that I could do something I set my mind to. It taught me that I could overcome obstacles.It ingrained the importance of creating a new habit and sticking to it. And now I have a legacy to leave my children.You can do it too! You have something powerful and exciting inside you that needs to get on paper. Share you r story with the world. And when you take this first step, you will never look back!Are you ready to start your writing routine TODAY?Dont wait another day! The key to starting a writing habit is starting now and committing to not only yourself but to those who your book will help and guide.Check out this free training for how to write a book and outline your book TODAY!

LEADING CHANGE Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LEADING CHANGE - Case Study Example It takes time, but once people have been convinced, the objective of unfreezing has been attained. In the stage of change, the manager/leader reduces the restraining forces, and increases the forces supporting the change. This may include reducing the employees’ fears of economic or personal loss as well as getting rid of the opponents while there is a simultaneous process of increasing the support for change that may include increasing the incentives for change. When restraining forces are sufficiently low, increasing just the driving forces may suffice. But increasing the driving forces without lowering the restraining forces when they are significant may instigate retaliation and resistance. The stage of refreezing is also time-consuming like the unfreezing stage. The stage of freezing consists of four sub-phases of defiance, rage, bereavement and adaptation. Immediately after the change, people deny that it was altogether necessary. When this does not work, they become out raged but lack of power to alter the managerial decision puts them into bereavement, and finally, they become used to the change and adapt themselves according to it. Change is a time-consuming process and the managers/leaders must give it due time to implement effectively.

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Philosophy - Essay Example hetical discussions that are meant towards moments of epiphany, or the awakening of their seeming ignorant selves into the glorious knowledge about the creator. Hume on the other hand projects his thoughts on the subject of God through the minds of the three characters, Cleanthes, Philo, and Demea in his work Dialogue Concerning Natural Religion. Rousseau looks at the problematic existence of man as a symptom that shows he cannot govern himself or protect his kind as well as he should. Implicitly he suggests that only divine order can protect man from self destruction. He traces the development of man from the age primordial barbarity until the modern times and sees through a continuum of strife that needs divine remedy. Rousseau would therefore suggest that the natural order as reflected at the early forms of society is enough proof for the existence of an intelligent designer of the universe. This is because this creative and almighty designer could only make the universe in form of his own image of perfection, peace, tranquility, and perhaps most of all, conflict free. Most probably the philosopher would have imagined the answer of the intelligent designer through his trade mark irony that seems to mock at the Hegelian dialectical progress of society. The progress of mankind as concerns society has moved through history from the epoch when he adjusted himself to his natural setting to a point in time when he wanted to benefit from the same environment. It might be deduced in line with this thinking that this movement preceded alongside the transformation of man’s society from good to evil. The disorders that accompanied man after the societies he created degenerated into skirmishes that resulted from primitive competition and accumulation of nature’s resources would therefore align with the departure of Godliness. The structures of the universe as created by the all-knowing and perfect designer no longer held. Instead in its place was man’s own

Music-Culture Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Music-Culture Questions - Essay Example Music has been a part of human civilization since the earliest times of human existence. The evolution of music over the centuries has made it an almost integral part of human life to the extent that music stars become heroes of a country and are immortalized in memory, stamps, or statues and by their very own work. From the classical producers of music like Beethoven and Bach, the rock stars of the 60s to the boy band fever of the 90s, music has been an essential aspect of art and culture for our society. With regard to my own experience, I find it very difficult to estimate how many hours per day I listen to music especially if I include the songs running in the background while I work on my computer or when I am sitting in a lab. However, on a conservative estimate I would guess that I listen to at least 2 hours of music on a daily basis. Often, I will leave the music playing while the TV is on and mute the TV while I work on my computer with the music playing in the background.